MARKET STUDY All analysis covers resale homes only. New construction appears once, in its own section. Click any dot on the map for that sale.
Resale sales, 365 days
12
single-family resale homes
Median net sale price
$340,072
average $346,198
Median net price per SF
$155
average $158
Median days on market
50 days
average 100 days
1. SummaryResale homes · 12 sales · October 25, 2025 – October 24, 2026
This study looks at the 12 resale homes sold in Highlands in the 365 days to October 24, 2026. A full year is used because only 5 resale homes sold in the last 180 days. New construction is left out and shown on its own in section 7. The homes are compared four ways: by price, by living area, by year built and with or without a view. The first three are split into four equal groups (quartiles), each named by its range.
Each comparison has its own section (3–6) with everything about it in one place: the key differences, a table of every measure at a glance, the charts and the numbers.
2. Where the resale homes sold12 resale homes · colored by price range
Each dot is one resale home, colored by its price range. Use the buttons to show one price range at a time. Click a dot for that sale: address, close date, original and last list price, net sale price, living area, net sale per SF and days on market. Scroll or pinch to zoom.
3. Quartiles by net sale priceResale homes · 12 sales · October 25, 2025 – October 24, 2026
Sales ranked by net sale price and cut into four equal groups. This is the usual way to read a market by price.
Bottom line: too few sales to test.
3.1 Key differences
The top group against the bottom group: no measure differs enough to rule out chance.
How to read this section. Each heading gives the finding. The gold box says whether the gap is real (✓, with its size) or could be chance (–). The section ends with its numbers; the tests are in section 8.3.
3.3 Net price per SF: described, not tested
The average is $146 per SF for homes over $359K and $161 per SF for homes under $324K. It does not move in a straight line; homes $343K–$359K are highest. Defined in 8.1.2.
Not tested: too few sales.
3.4 Living area: described, not tested
The average is 2,787 SF for homes over $359K and 1,853 SF for homes under $324K. It does not move in a straight line; homes over $359K are highest. Defined in 8.1.3.
Not tested: too few sales.
3.5 Year built: described, not tested
The median is 2016 for homes over $359K and 2019 for homes under $324K. It does not move in a straight line; homes $324K–$337K are highest. Defined in 8.1.4.
Not tested: too few sales.
3.6 Days on market: described, not tested
The median is 25 days for homes over $359K and 148 days for homes under $324K. It does not move in a straight line; homes under $324K are highest. Defined in 8.1.5.
Not tested: too few sales.
3.7 Discount from original list: described, not tested
The average is 4.9% for homes over $359K and 17.0% for homes under $324K. It does not move in a straight line; homes under $324K are highest. Defined in 8.1.6.
Not tested: too few sales.
3.8 How often: price cut before sale, seller paid closing costs or repairs, has a view
Each bar is the share of homes in the group, in percent.
33% of homes over $359K had a price cut before sale, against 100% of homes under $324K. Defined in 8.1.7.
100% of homes over $359K had the seller pay closing costs or repairs, against 100% of homes under $324K. Defined in 8.1.8.
0% of homes over $359K have a view, against 0% of homes under $324K. Defined in 8.1.9.
Price cut before sale: Not tested: too few sales.
Seller paid closing costs or repairs: Not tested: too few sales.
Has a view: Not tested: too few sales.
3.9 The numbers: price and size
Under $324K3 sales
$324K–$337K3 sales
$343K–$359K3 sales
Over $359K3 sales
All12 sales
Net sale price average
$297,000
$331,629
$351,430
$404,733
$346,198
Net price per SF average
$161
$154
$170
$146
$158
Living area average
1,853
2,171
2,086
2,787
2,224
Year built median
2019
2021
2020
2016
2019
3.10 The numbers: selling
Under $324K3 sales
$324K–$337K3 sales
$343K–$359K3 sales
Over $359K3 sales
All12 sales
Days on market median
148
17
38
25
50
Discount from original list average
17.0%
7.1%
1.4%
4.9%
7.6%
Price cut before sale
100%
67%
0%
33%
50%
Seller paid closing costs or repairs
100%
100%
67%
100%
92%
Has a view
0%
0%
33%
0%
8%
Prices, price per SF, living area and discount are averages; days on market and year built are medians. The test behind each verdict is in 8.3.1.
4. Quartiles by living areaResale homes · 12 sales · October 25, 2025 – October 24, 2026
Sales ranked by living area and cut into four equal groups, from the smallest homes to the largest.
Bottom line: too few sales to test.
4.1 Key differences
The top group against the bottom group: no measure differs enough to rule out chance.
4.3 Net sale price: described, not tested
The average is $405K for homes over 2,359 SF and $318K for homes under 1,904 SF. It rises step by step from the lowest range to the highest. Defined in 8.1.1.
Not tested: too few sales.
4.4 Net price per SF: described, not tested
The average is $146 per SF for homes over 2,359 SF and $173 per SF for homes under 1,904 SF. It falls step by step from the lowest range to the highest. Defined in 8.1.2.
Not tested: too few sales.
4.5 Year built: described, not tested
The median is 2016 for homes over 2,359 SF and 2016 for homes under 1,904 SF. It does not move in a straight line; homes 2,304–2,359 SF are highest. Defined in 8.1.4.
Not tested: too few sales.
4.6 Days on market: described, not tested
The median is 25 days for homes over 2,359 SF and 61 days for homes under 1,904 SF. It does not move in a straight line; homes 1,904–2,036 SF are highest. Defined in 8.1.5.
Not tested: too few sales.
4.7 Discount from original list: described, not tested
The average is 4.9% for homes over 2,359 SF and 9.9% for homes under 1,904 SF. It falls step by step from the lowest range to the highest. Defined in 8.1.6.
Not tested: too few sales.
4.8 How often: price cut before sale, seller paid closing costs or repairs, has a view
Each bar is the share of homes in the group, in percent.
33% of homes over 2,359 SF had a price cut before sale, against 67% of homes under 1,904 SF. Defined in 8.1.7.
100% of homes over 2,359 SF had the seller pay closing costs or repairs, against 67% of homes under 1,904 SF. Defined in 8.1.8.
0% of homes over 2,359 SF have a view, against 33% of homes under 1,904 SF. Defined in 8.1.9.
Price cut before sale: Not tested: too few sales.
Seller paid closing costs or repairs: Not tested: too few sales.
Has a view: Not tested: too few sales.
4.9 The numbers: price and size
Under 1,904 SF3 sales
1,904–2,036 SF3 sales
2,304–2,359 SF3 sales
Over 2,359 SF3 sales
All12 sales
Net sale price average
$317,833
$322,133
$340,092
$404,733
$346,198
Net price per SF average
$173
$165
$146
$146
$158
Living area average
1,835
1,953
2,322
2,787
2,224
Year built median
2016
2020
2021
2016
2019
4.10 The numbers: selling
Under 1,904 SF3 sales
1,904–2,036 SF3 sales
2,304–2,359 SF3 sales
Over 2,359 SF3 sales
All12 sales
Days on market median
61
143
38
25
50
Discount from original list average
9.9%
8.1%
7.6%
4.9%
7.6%
Price cut before sale
67%
67%
33%
33%
50%
Seller paid closing costs or repairs
67%
100%
100%
100%
92%
Has a view
33%
0%
0%
0%
8%
Prices, price per SF, living area and discount are averages; days on market and year built are medians. The test behind each verdict is in 8.3.2.
5. Groups by year builtResale homes · 12 sales · October 25, 2025 – October 24, 2026
Sales ranked by year built and cut into four groups, from the oldest to the newest. Homes built in the same year always stay in the same group, so group sizes can differ a little. Only 3 groups are shown: homes here share a few year built values, and no group may hold fewer than 3 sales.
Bottom line: too few sales to test.
5.1 Key differences
The top group against the bottom group: no measure differs enough to rule out chance.
5.3 Net sale price: described, not tested
The average is $317K for homes built after 2020 and $357K for homes built before 2019. It falls step by step from the lowest range to the highest. Defined in 8.1.1.
Not tested: too few sales.
5.4 Net price per SF: described, not tested
The average is $146 per SF for homes built after 2020 and $163 per SF for homes built before 2019. It falls step by step from the lowest range to the highest. Defined in 8.1.2.
Not tested: too few sales.
5.5 Living area: described, not tested
The average is 2,176 SF for homes built after 2020 and 2,256 SF for homes built before 2019. It falls step by step from the lowest range to the highest. Defined in 8.1.3.
Not tested: too few sales.
5.6 Days on market: described, not tested
The median is 149 days for homes built after 2020 and 25 days for homes built before 2019. It rises step by step from the lowest range to the highest. Defined in 8.1.5.
Not tested: too few sales.
5.7 Discount from original list: described, not tested
The average is 13.5% for homes built after 2020 and 5.8% for homes built before 2019. It does not move in a straight line; homes built after 2020 are highest. Defined in 8.1.6.
Not tested: too few sales.
5.8 How often: price cut before sale, seller paid closing costs or repairs, has a view
Each bar is the share of homes in the group, in percent.
67% of homes built after 2020 had a price cut before sale, against 60% of homes built before 2019. Defined in 8.1.7.
100% of homes built after 2020 had the seller pay closing costs or repairs, against 80% of homes built before 2019. Defined in 8.1.8.
0% of homes built after 2020 have a view, against 20% of homes built before 2019. Defined in 8.1.9.
Price cut before sale: Not tested: too few sales.
Seller paid closing costs or repairs: Not tested: too few sales.
Has a view: Not tested: too few sales.
5.9 The numbers: price and size
Before 20195 sales
2019–20204 sales
After 20203 sales
All12 sales
Net sale price average
$357,380
$354,272
$316,796
$346,198
Net price per SF average
$163
$160
$146
$158
Living area average
2,256
2,222
2,176
2,224
Year built median
2016
2020
2021
2019
5.10 The numbers: selling
Before 20195 sales
2019–20204 sales
After 20203 sales
All12 sales
Days on market median
25
90
149
50
Discount from original list average
5.8%
5.5%
13.5%
7.6%
Price cut before sale
60%
25%
67%
50%
Seller paid closing costs or repairs
80%
100%
100%
92%
Has a view
20%
0%
0%
8%
Prices, price per SF, living area and discount are averages; days on market and year built are medians. The test behind each verdict is in 8.3.3.
6. View and no viewResale homes · 12 sales · October 25, 2025 – October 24, 2026
Sales where the MLS lists a view (greenbelt or park, trees, golf course, hill country, water and similar) against those listing none or only the neighborhood. 2 sales whose MLS view entry is only “See Remarks” are left out.
Bottom line: too few sales to test.
6.1 Key differences
The top group against the bottom group: no measure differs enough to rule out chance.
6.3 Net sale price: described, not tested
The average is $352K for homes with a view and $345K for homes without a view. Defined in 8.1.1.
Not tested: too few sales.
6.4 Net price per SF: described, not tested
The average is $189 per SF for homes with a view and $153 per SF for homes without a view. Defined in 8.1.2.
Not tested: too few sales.
6.5 Living area: described, not tested
The average is 1,864 SF for homes with a view and 2,285 SF for homes without a view. Defined in 8.1.3.
Not tested: too few sales.
6.6 Year built: described, not tested
The median is 2016 for homes with a view and 2019 for homes without a view. Defined in 8.1.4.
Not tested: too few sales.
6.7 Days on market: described, not tested
The median is 6 days for homes with a view and 143 days for homes without a view. Defined in 8.1.5.
Not tested: too few sales.
6.8 Discount from original list: described, not tested
The average is -0.6% for homes with a view and 9.7% for homes without a view. Defined in 8.1.6.
Not tested: too few sales.
6.9 How often: price cut before sale, seller paid closing costs or repairs
Each bar is the share of homes in the group, in percent.
0% of homes with a view had a price cut before sale, against 56% of homes without a view. Defined in 8.1.7.
0% of homes with a view had the seller pay closing costs or repairs, against 100% of homes without a view. Defined in 8.1.8.
Price cut before sale: Not tested: too few sales.
Seller paid closing costs or repairs: Not tested: too few sales.
6.10 The numbers: price and size
View1 sales
No view9 sales
All10 sales
Net sale price average
$352,000
$345,443
$346,099
Net price per SF average
$189
$153
$156
Living area average
1,864
2,285
2,243
Year built median
2016
2019
2019
6.11 The numbers: selling
View1 sales
No view9 sales
All10 sales
Days on market median
6
143
102
Discount from original list average
−0.6%
9.7%
8.7%
Price cut before sale
0%
56%
50%
Seller paid closing costs or repairs
0%
100%
90%
Prices, price per SF, living area and discount are averages; days on market and year built are medians. The test behind each verdict is in 8.3.4.
7. New constructionBasic statistics · 0 sales · October 25, 2025 – October 24, 2026
Homes sold new by the builder in the same 365 days. They are left out of every other section and shown here as basic figures only: 0 sales, no groups, no tests.
Note: these are only the new-construction sales reported in ABOR MLS. Builders often sell homes without listing them in the MLS, so these figures do not necessarily represent all new-construction sales in Highlands.
No new-construction sales were reported in ABOR MLS in this window.
Same definitions as the rest of the study (section 8). New construction = NewConstructionYN true, or PropertyCondition “New Construction” or “Under Construction”.
8. AppendixMeasures, methods and tests
Each measure and method three ways: in plain words, as statistics, and with the data from this study.
8.1 Measures
8.1.1 Net sale price
In simple terms
What the seller actually kept: the closing price, less money the seller gave back to the buyer for closing costs or repairs. It is the truest price for comparing homes.
Statistically
Net = ClosePrice − ACTRIS_BuyersClsgCostPdbySell − ACTRIS_RepairsAmount (a blank counts as $0). Summarized by the arithmetic mean in the slices.
The data
12 resale sales. Average $346,198; median $340,072; standard deviation $41,966; middle half (25th–75th percentile) $319,482–$365,668; lowest $289,500, highest $421,900. 11 sales had a seller payment; their median payment was $7,655.
8.1.2 Net price per SF
In simple terms
Net sale price divided by the heated and cooled square feet. It puts homes of different sizes on the same footing: did buyers pay more for each square foot, not just for more square feet?
Statistically
psf = Net ÷ LivingArea, per sale; summarized by the mean of the per-sale ratios.
The data
12 resale sales. Average $158; median $155; standard deviation $16; middle half (25th–75th percentile) $145–$169; lowest $138, highest $189.
8.1.3 Living area
In simple terms
The heated and cooled space, as listed in the MLS. Garages and porches are not counted.
Statistically
RESO LivingArea, in square feet. Sales under 400 SF are treated as entry errors and left out.
The data
12 resale sales. Average 2,224; median 2,170; standard deviation 399; middle half (25th–75th percentile) 1,902–2,418; lowest 1,744, highest 2,978.
8.1.4 Year built
In simple terms
The year the home was finished, as listed in the MLS. It shows whether a group leans to older or newer phases of the community.
Statistically
RESO YearBuilt; summarized by the median, with the 25th–75th percentile (middle half) on the charts.
The data
12 resale sales. Average 2018; median 2019; standard deviation 3; middle half (25th–75th percentile) 2016–2020; lowest 2012, highest 2021.
8.1.5 Days on market
In simple terms
How many days the home was on the market before the buyer's offer was accepted, counting any earlier listing periods (relists). This is the days on market agents and clients quote.
Statistically
CDOM = max(CumulativeDaysOnMarket, DaysOnMarket, PurchaseContractDate − ListingContractDate). The MLS counter can freeze at a price change, so the contract-date gap is a floor. Summarized by the median, because a few homes that sat for months pull an average up.
The data
12 resale sales. Average 100; median 50; standard deviation 126; middle half (25th–75th percentile) 15–148; lowest 3, highest 449. 0 sales went under contract on their listing date (0 days).
8.1.6 Discount from original list
In simple terms
How far below the first asking price the home sold, after seller payments. It measures how much negotiating room sellers gave up. A negative figure means the home sold above its first asking price.
Statistically
Discount % = (OriginalListPrice − Net) ÷ OriginalListPrice × 100, per sale; summarized by the mean.
The data
12 resale sales. Average 7.6%; median 4.4%; standard deviation 7.8%; middle half (25th–75th percentile) 1.9%–13.6%; lowest −0.6%, highest 20.7%. 1 sales closed above their first asking price.
8.1.7 Price cut before sale
In simple terms
The asking price was lowered at least once before the home went under contract.
Statistically
Indicator: ListPrice at close < OriginalListPrice. Reported as the share of sales (%).
The data
6 of 12 resale sales (50.0%).
8.1.8 Seller paid closing costs or repairs
In simple terms
The seller paid some of the buyer's closing costs or repairs.
Statistically
Indicator: ACTRIS_BuyersClsgCostPdbySell + ACTRIS_RepairsAmount > 0. Reported as the share of sales (%).
The data
11 of 12 resale sales (91.7%).
8.1.9 Has a view
In simple terms
The MLS says the home looks over something: a greenbelt or park, trees, golf course, hill country, water and similar.
Statistically
View = the View field holds any entry other than “None”, “Neighborhood” or “See Remarks”. No view = only “None” and/or “Neighborhood”. A record whose only entry is “See Remarks” cannot be classified and is left out of the view slice.
The data
1 sales with a view, 9 without, 2 unclassified. Most common View entries: None 8, See Remarks 2, Neighborhood 1, Pool 1.
8.2 Methods
8.2.1 Data source
In simple terms
Every figure comes from the Austin Board of REALTORS® MLS, read live by ALEX. No figure is estimated or typed in.
Statistically
Bridge Interactive RESO Web API (OData), ABOR dataset, every field returned. Filter: StandardStatus = Closed, PropertyType = Residential, City = Hutto, SubdivisionName contains any of “highlands”, “hutto hlnds” (case-insensitive). A record is kept when its subdivision name belongs to the Highlands family, the same rule comparable sales use (it includes Hutto Hlnds Ph B-1 Sec 1, proven adjacent and priced alike).
The data
Pulled October 25, 2026: 12 closed Highlands records over the prior year, in ZIP 78634. 6 subdivision spellings kept: Highlands (3); Hutto Hlnds Ph B-1 Sec 1 (3); Hutto Hlnds Ph 3 Sec 2 (3); Hutto Hlnds Sec 1 Ph A (1); Hutto Hlnds Sec I Ph B-1 (1); Hutto Hlnds Ph 1 Sec 2 (1). Names found by the search but not part of Highlands, left out: Hutto Highlands (10); Highlands North (2); Highlands North Sec 1 (1); Hutto Highlands Master Community (1); Hutto Highlands Sec 1 Ph B-1 (1); Hutto Highlands SEC 1, PH B-2 (1); Highlands North Sec 3 (1); Highlands North Sec 5 (1).
8.2.2 Study window
In simple terms
The most recent 365 days of closed sales: recent enough to describe today's market, long enough to give each group plenty of sales. The usual window is 180 days; it holds only 5 resale sales here (under 80), so the full year is used.
Statistically
CloseDate from October 25, 2025 to October 24, 2026 inclusive.
The data
12 single-family sales in the window: 12 resale, 0 new construction.
8.2.3 Resale and new construction
In simple terms
A resale home was previously owned. New construction is sold by the builder and behaves differently, so it is kept out of every analysis and reported once on its own.
Statistically
New construction = NewConstructionYN true, or PropertyCondition contains “New Construction” or “Under Construction”. Everything else is resale.
The data
12 resale; 0 new construction.
8.2.4 Sales left out
In simple terms
A few records cannot be used as entered and are left out before any analysis.
Statistically
Excluded: PropertySubType other than Single Family Residence; no OriginalListPrice; LivingArea under 400 SF; seller payments above 10% of ClosePrice (treated as entry errors).
The data
None in this window.
8.2.5 Quartiles and groups
In simple terms
Sales lined up from lowest to highest and cut into four groups of about equal size. Each group is named by its range, for example “Under $324K”.
Statistically
Sort by the slicing variable; cut k sits at round(nk/4), k = 1…3. A cut that would split tied values moves to the nearer edge of the tie. A group under 3 sales merges into its smaller neighbor. Range names use the next group's lowest value (“Under”) and the previous group's highest value (“Over”/“After”).
The data
Quartiles by net sale price: Under $324K: $289,500–$307,000 (3 sales); $324K–$337K: $323,642–$337,245 (3 sales); $343K–$359K: $342,900–$359,390 (3 sales); Over $359K: $384,500–$421,900 (3 sales) Quartiles by living area: Under 1,904 SF: 1,744–1,896 SF (3 sales); 1,904–2,036 SF: 1,904–2,036 SF (3 sales); 2,304–2,359 SF: 2,304–2,359 SF (3 sales); Over 2,359 SF: 2,596–2,978 SF (3 sales) Groups by year built: Before 2019: 2012–2018 (5 sales); 2019–2020: 2019–2020 (4 sales); After 2020: 2021–2021 (3 sales) View and no view: View: MLS lists a view (1 sales); No view: None or Neighborhood (9 sales)
8.2.6 Average and median
In simple terms
The average adds the values and divides by how many; one very expensive home can pull it up. The median is the middle value, with half above and half below.
Statistically
Mean x̄ = (1/n) Σ xᵢ; median = 50th percentile. Price, price per SF, living area and discount use the mean; days on market and year built use the median (skewed or whole-year values).
The data
Net sale price: average $346,198, median $340,072. Days on market: average 100, median 50: the average is pulled up by a few long listings.
8.2.7 Kruskal–Wallis test
In simple terms
Checks whether a measure really differs across the four groups of a slice. It uses each sale's rank, not its value, so a few extreme sales cannot drive the answer.
Statistically
H = [12/(n(n+1))] Σ Rⱼ²/nⱼ − 3(n+1), compared with χ² on k − 1 degrees of freedom (Kruskal & Wallis, 1952). Effect size ε² = H/(n − 1): ≥ .01 small, ≥ .06 medium, ≥ .14 large (Tomczak & Tomczak, 2014). A slice is tested only when every group has at least 5 sales; smaller groups are described, not tested.
The data
Run on every measure in sections 3–5; each result is in 8.3.
8.2.8 Mann–Whitney U test
In simple terms
The same check when there are only two groups: view against no view.
Statistically
Two-sided U test (Mann & Whitney, 1947). Effect size = rank-biserial correlation |1 − 2U/(n₁n₂)|: ≥ .10 small, ≥ .30 medium, ≥ .50 large (Kerby, 2014; Cohen, 1988).
The data
Run on every measure in section 6; results in 8.3.
8.2.9 Chi-square test
In simple terms
Checks whether a yes/no share (price cut, seller payment, view) differs between groups more than chance would.
Statistically
Pearson χ² on the 2 × k table of counts, no continuity correction (Pearson, 1900). Effect size Cramér's V = √(χ²/n): ≥ .10 small, ≥ .30 medium, ≥ .50 large (Cramér, 1946).
The data
Run on the three shares in every slice; results in 8.3.
8.2.10 Real difference (significance)
In simple terms
“Real difference” means a gap this large would be very unlikely if the groups were really alike. Because many measures are checked in each slice, the bar is set higher than usual.
Statistically
Significant when p < 0.05 ÷ m, where m is the number of measures tested in that slice (Bonferroni; Dunn, 1961). The slicing variable itself differs by design and is not tested.
The data
8.2.11 Size of a difference
In simple terms
A difference can be real but small. The size word (small, medium, large) says how much the groups pull apart.
Statistically
ε² for Kruskal–Wallis, rank-biserial r for Mann–Whitney, Cramér's V for chi-square, with the thresholds above; below the small threshold the size is “negligible”.
The data
0 real differences across the four slices; sizes are listed in 8.3.
8.2.12 Rounding in the text
In simple terms
Headings and sentences round figures so they read easily; the tables at the end of each section give them in full.
Statistically
Prices in headings round to the nearest $1K; price per SF and days on market to the nearest whole number; living area to the nearest 10 SF; shares and percentage gaps to whole percents.
The data
Days on market is always shown in days.
8.3 Test results
Every test behind every gold box. Statistic, degrees of freedom (df), p-value, the threshold it must beat, and the size of the difference.
8.3.1 Quartiles by net sale price
Too few sales in a group to test.
8.3.2 Quartiles by living area
Too few sales in a group to test.
8.3.3 Groups by year built
Too few sales in a group to test.
8.3.4 View and no view
Too few sales in a group to test.
8.4 Data notes
Left out of the analysis: 0 new-construction sales (basic statistics only, section 7); nothing else. Statistics: Python, NumPy 2.5.3, SciPy 1.18.1.
8.5 References
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum.
Cramér, H. (1946). Mathematical Methods of Statistics. Princeton University Press.
Dunn, O. J. (1961). Multiple comparisons among means. JASA, 56(293), 52–64.
Kerby, D. S. (2014). The simple difference formula: an approach to teaching nonparametric correlation. Comprehensive Psychology, 3, 11.IT.3.1.
Kruskal, W. H., & Wallis, W. A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. JASA, 47(260), 583–621.
Mann, H. B., & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60.
Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations… Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157–175.
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